System restore on an Apple Mac – different options

Apple Mac system restore: How to return to a stable state

Apple Macs are known for being reliable and stable computers, but even macOS can run into problems—whether it’s faulty software, system crashes, or a failed update. In such cases, a system restore can help you return your system to a previous, working state. Unlike Windows, however, macOS doesn’t have a classic “System Restore” feature, but instead uses Time Machine, macOS Recovery, and other recovery options. In this article, we’ll show you how to successfully restore a Mac, MacBook Pro, iMac, Mac Pro, Mac mini, or Mac Studio.

1. Time Machine: The most convenient solution

Time Machine is Apple’s built-in backup solution that lets you back up and restore your system, including files, settings, and apps.

Here’s how to restore from a Time Machine backup:

Connect the backup drive (e.g., external hard drive with Time Machine backups).
Shut down your Mac.
Intel Mac: Restart your Mac and hold Command (⌘) + R at startup to enter macOS Recovery Mode.
Apple Silicon M Mac: Hold the power button when turning on until you see options for system recovery, then click Options and Continue.

In the menu, select “Restore from Time Machine Backup”.
Follow the instructions, select the desired backup, and restore it.

💡 Note: This method replaces the entire system and is ideal for serious issues.

2. Reinstall macOS (without losing data)

If you don't have Time Machine backups but your system isn't running smoothly, you can reinstall macOS without losing your files.

Procedure:

Start the Mac in Recovery Mode:
Intel Mac: Restart the Mac and hold Command (⌘) + R during startup to enter macOS Recovery.

Apple Silicon M Mac: Hold the power button when turning on the Mac until the recovery options appear, then click Options and Continue.
Select “Reinstall macOS”.
Select your startup volume (usually “Macintosh HD”) and follow the instructions.

This method reinstalls the operating system but leaves your personal files and most installed apps untouched.

3. Erase the hard drive and do a complete macOS reinstall

For a clean reinstall, for example when selling or dealing with very persistent problems, it’s best to completely erase the drive:

Steps for complete restoration:

Start in Recovery Mode (see Step 2).
Open Disk Utility and erase the startup volume (Format: APFS or Mac OS Extended).
Then reinstall macOS via “Reinstall macOS”.

⚠️ Important: All data will be lost! Be sure to create a backup first.

4. iCloud & Internet Recovery: If nothing else works

If Time Machine is not available and the internal recovery system is damaged, Apple offers an additional option:

Internet Recovery:

Start the Mac with Command + Option + R.
The system loads the recovery environment from the internet.

Afterward, you can reinstall macOS as usual or use a Time Machine backup.

Conclusion

While macOS doesn’t have a classic “System Restore” like Windows, Apple computers offer several reliable ways to get your system back up and running. Whether through Time Machine, a fresh install, or Internet Recovery – with the right steps, your Mac will be ready to use again in no time.